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Size durian flowers is a technique for durian to produce quality cotton, thereby creating fruit that increases productivity. Join Blog Kiến Thức Tổng Hợp Nông Nghệp to learn about the technique of stimulating durian flowers, combining tree care with earthworm compost, and the following factors affecting flower production that need to be noted!
Principles of durian flower stimulation
Regarding the principle of stimulating durian flowers, people should note that they should not stimulate the tree to flower in the following cases: the tree is 1-3 years old and has not yet reached maturity, the tree has weak growth (sparse leaves, is being damaged). pests or defoliation, etc.).
To ensure that the tree is capable of growing fruit effectively, the leaf set needs to have at least 2 buds (the tree has 2 buds and the leaves are completely old).
The process of treating flowering durian trees starts from the post-harvest stage, focusing on stimulating the tree to bud to restore growth, and then proceed to stimulate flowering.
Besides the method of treating flowering by creating drought and spraying growth inhibitors, farmers need to synchronously combine techniques such as pruning, nutrient management, pest and weed control to achieve high productivity, while ensuring that the fruit is not damaged.
Principles of durian flower stimulation
Effective durian blooming process
In order for durian flowers to grow well and produce quality flowers, farmers need to have durian flower stimulation techniques:
Step 1: Fertilize the base of the durian tree with phosphate
First, to stimulate durian blooms, farmers determine the amount of phosphate fertilizer needed based on the tree canopy size and age of the tree. Normally, young plants need about 3 – 4kg of phosphate fertilizer, while perennial plants need 5kg.
After applying phosphate fertilizer, water should be watered so that the fertilizer penetrates to the root layer. Phosphorus fertilizer will slowly dissolve and convert into nutrients that plants can absorb thanks to organic acids from the roots and the support of mycorrhizal fungi. This process helps plants absorb phosphorus effectively in about 20-30 days.
Therefore, phosphate fertilization should be done 25-30 days before durian flower stimulation and the amount of irrigation water should be reduced immediately after fertilization to prepare for the flower stimulation stage.
Step 2: Spray insecticide
Before starting to stimulate durian flowers, it is necessary to spray pesticides to prevent diseases that can affect this process. Use drugs containing mancozeb, matasyl, etc. In particular, attention should be paid to controlling red spiders and green leafhoppers, insects that can harm the durian flower production process if not treated. timely.
Step 3: Spray Uniconazole to help inhibit growth and promote flowering
When: Spray Uniconazole 10-15 days before applying phosphate fertilizer.
Dosage: Mix Uniconazole at a concentration of 1000 – 2000 ppm (corresponding to 1 – 2 grams per liter of water).
Effects: Uniconazole has the role of inhibiting the excessive growth of young buds and leaves, helping the plant focus its resources on forming flower buds. This is a very important step, especially with durian varieties that are difficult to flower like Musang King durian.
Step 4: Spray NPK to stimulate durian flowers
When: After spraying Uniconazole and the tree begins to transition to the flowering stage (about 10-15 days later), spray NPK to stimulate durian blooms.
Procedure:
- First time: Mix 0.5 kg NPK 10-60-10+TE (micronutrients) or NPK 10-50-10 with 0.5 kg NPK 7-5-49 in 200 liters of water. Spray evenly on the underside of leaves and branches, avoid spraying into branches to protect potential flowers.
- 2nd time: After 6-7 days from the first spraying, repeat with the same fertilizer rate.
- 3rd time: After the second time, about 6-7 days, just mix 0.5 kg of NPK 10-60-10+TE or NPK 10-50-10 in 200 liters of water and spray to reinforce the flowering process.
Step 5: Spray Potassium Nitrate to enhance flowering efficiency
When: During the process of stimulating durian flowers to flower, combine potassium nitrate spray to promote strong growth of flower buds.
Dosage: Mix Potassium Nitrate at a concentration of 2.5% (5 kg in 200 liters of water).
How to do it: Spray Potassium Nitrate when flower buds begin to form (after using Uniconazole and phosphate fertilizer). Spray evenly on leaves and flowering branches to increase flowering efficiency.
Step 6: Water properly and sufficiently
When the crab’s eyes appear and are about 3-4 cm long, farmers start watering gently so as not to wash away the applied fertilizers and stimulants. The first watering should be gentle, just enough to wet the ground. The second watering is 2 days after the first, increase the amount of water without creating a puddle on the soil surface, and at the same time water the cotton part sufficiently.
Above are some notes and steps to help create ideal conditions for durian trees to grow and produce effective durian blooms. They also minimize competition for nutrients in the soil, thereby improving health and ability. tree resistance.
Proper watering helps stimulate durian blooms
Besides, you can combine plant care with Blog Kiến Thức Tổng Hợp Nông Nghệp vermicompost with high nutritional content. People should refer to fertilizing plants so that cotton can grow well!
Techniques for processing durian flowers
At the scientific conference “Application of science and technology to enhance the value and sustainable development of durian trees in linked chains in Vietnam” taking place on November 27, 2021, processing techniques were introduced. durian flowers, helps stimulate durian flowers. Please refer to it!
Technique of mulching (tissue) or mulching
The method of mulching or mulching depends on the method of planting. In Cai Lay district, Tien Giang, farmers cover the base of each tree with nylon to prevent rainwater and keep soil moisture stable when durian blooms. Meanwhile, in Ben Tre, covering the roof with shingles helps water vapor escape more easily. Although nylon coating is expensive and difficult to care for, it is highly effective.
Research shows that soil moisture is about 30% during the first flowering period, and 28.6% during the second bloom, compared to the soil wilting point of 18.9%. With durian variety Green bitter melon, the tree blooms after being covered with bamboo and 26 days of drought.
Durian varieties Ri6 and durian Monthong need 30-35 days of drought, usually flowering in 2-3 waves. In Thailand, durian blooms after 7-14 days of drought, with a leaf water potential of -0.8 Mpa. Meanwhile, research in the Mekong Delta shows that durian needs a longer dry period to bloom, from 20-25 days for Green Bitter Melon variety and 30-35 days for other varieties.
In short, mulching or mulching combined with watering helps durian bloom in the off-season, but the effectiveness depends on the variety, weather and water management.
Technique for stimulating durian flowers by mulching the roots
Paclobutrazol (PBZ) treatment
PBZ treatment to stimulate off-season durian flowering has been widely studied. In Vietnam, treating green bitter melon durian with PBZ concentration of 1,000-1,500 ppm, combined with mulching and watering, helps plants flower 7 days earlier and the flowering rate is more concentrated.
Meanwhile, on the Durian variety Sua Flat Seed, PBZ helps the plant bloom 4-22 days earlier and usually blooms in several waves lasting until the harvest. In Ba Ria-Vung Tau, Tri & colleagues. (2011) showed that spraying PBZ concentration of 1,000-1,500 ppm combined with mulching helps Durian durian to flower 15-17 days earlier.
Spraying PBZ increases the flowering rate and the number of flowering branches on the tree. For the Green Bitter melon variety, the rate of flowering branches and the number of flowers on each branch increased by 1.5-2 times, and the number of flower clusters on the tree doubled.
For the Flat Seed Milk variety, PBZ increases the number of flower clusters and flowering branches many times higher than mulching. Although Milkweed plants often flower in many waves, PBZ helps flower in the reverse season at a rate 4 times higher than mulch.
Spraying PBZ not only helps plants flower more uniformly and at a higher rate, but also increases productivity. On the durian variety Green Bitter Melon, the yield increased 1.5 times and on the variety Milk Flat Seed, the yield increased many times compared to mulching, especially in the off-season. This method does not affect the quality of durian fruit, increasing productivity and flowering efficiency in the off-season.
Excavation technique
To achieve a high flowering rate, in addition to mulching and spraying paclobutrazol, farmers in Cai Lay district, Tien Giang also apply digging around the base of durian trees. This method, researched on mango trees in Australia, can stimulate durian blooms by breaking the roots, affecting the synthesis of growth regulators such as gibberellin and cytokinin.
However, digging also has the risk of increasing root disease. The effectiveness and long-term impact of this technique on durian have not been fully studied.
Factors affecting durian flower production
Factors affecting durian flowering include drought, temperature, humidity and thiourea:
- Drought: Durian trees need continuous dry periods to bloom. Not having a dry season or having a dry season that is too short can cause the plant to not bloom. The required drying time is 10-14 days without chemical treatment and only 3-7 days with paclobutrazol.
- Temperature: Low night temperatures (15°C) can stimulate durian blooms. For plants not treated with chemicals, a temperature drop from 26-33°C to 20-25°C can help cotton sprouts appear.
- Humidity: Humidity drops to 50-70% to support flowering. Unfavorable weather conditions, such as rainfall of only 10mm/day, can cause cotton to enter the dormant stage.
- Thiourea: Treating Thiourea with Paclobutrazol can break dormancy and increase flower number, but is not effective if rainfall exceeds 35 mm/day.
Many factors affect durian flower production
Question related to durian flower-stimulating activity
What month is it to make durian flowers?
Central Highlands: Cotton making time will fall in January and February of the solar calendar.
Eastern region: Cotton making time usually falls in November and December of the solar calendar.
At these times, the weather is dry, with little rain, and the wind is favorable for growing cotton (in the West it is called the monsoon season). There are usually 2 periods of cotton making in a month (usually a few days apart from the beginning of the month and the middle of the month. The way to tell is if there is a bad wind and the weather is a bit chilly). At that time, the plant flowers easily, flowers evenly, is strong and healthy. When people make cotton at the right time, it will be more convenient and less labor intensive.
How many days do durians take from the time they are released to the time when the pistils are released?
From the time of crab release to the release of the pistil, it takes about 55-57 days for Ri6 durian and about 45 – 50 days for Thai durian, depending on the number and size of flowers, the time it takes for the durian tree to fully mature. The process of ovulation will vary, ranging from 4-18 days.
What medicine should be sprayed on durian?
During the stamen discharge stage, farmers need to use fertilizers containing Calcium and special additives with micronutrients for plants such as: Boron, Mg, Mn, Zn, Amino acids, Vegetable Protein, and other nutrients. Activates growth in organic form, quickly absorbed by plants, completely safe.
Durian crab eyes
Above, Blog Kiến Thức Tổng Hợp Nông Nghệp Blog has provided information about the durian flower-stimulating technique, along with the process of effective durian flower-stimulating steps. Hopefully this article has helped you gain more experience in growing durian!
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