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The requirements of macadamia planting techniques and macadamia planting distance are certain conditions in planting, tending and harvesting to be able to bring high efficiency. So, let’s learn about the technique of planting macadamia trees and macadamia planting gap for high yields through this article!
Conditions for growing and growth characteristics in macadamia planting techniques
Climate conditions in macadamia planting techniques
– Temperature: Macadamia plants suitable for growth in cool climatic conditions, average temperature from 12 degrees C to 32 degrees C. The optimal temperature for macadamia plants is 18 ° C. In case the temperature is too high or too low compared to the temperature limit (12 – 21 degrees Celsius), the macadamia will not flower.
– The amount of water: The appropriate rainfall for macadamia is from 1500mm to 2500mm.
– Wind: In macadamia planting techniques, little stormy locations, less wind, little hoarfrost will be suitable. People can also intercrop macadamia with high wind trees, or plant 2-3 rows of trees around the macadamia planting area.
– Lighting: Macadamia plants are light -loving, so people notice must not grow macadamia under other trees.
Land and terrain in macadamia planting techniques
– Land: Macadamia good growth on light, medium meat soil, with a thickness of the soil layer over 50cm and has a sour pH (5.5 – 6). The soil that can be grown is usually soil with light mechanical components, rich in nutrients and good drainage such as basalt red soil, sand and sand soil, etc. Warm, alum soil, …
– Terrain: In macadamia planting techniques, the height is suitable for growing macadamia in the range of 300 to 1,200m above sea level. The slope of the planting place does not exceed 15 degrees.
Macadamia is being planted on the terrain with a slight slope
Standards of grafted plants planted
With the technique of planting macadamia trees, grafting plants need to grow without pests, green leaves, good development and strong growth. The planted tree must be at least 6 months after grafting, the height of the tree is over 50cm and the grafted buds have been over 20cm high. Root neck diameter is standard at 1 to 1.5 cm.
Macadamia trees have fruits for several years?
Macadamia trees are planted, usually from 3 to 4 years will give fortune telling. After a period of 10 years, the tree will give fruit with a stable yield.
Macadamia planting techniques
Technique to choose macadamia seedlings
Through the testing and selection process, we have 23 macadamia seedlings with good quality originating from Australia, China and Thailand. In there:
– H2 macadamia is a promising breed, a yield of 18kg/tree/year tested in Buon Ma Thuot and high yield.
– Oc is like a dwarf macadamia, with good wind and disease resistance. In case of proper care, plants have a yield of 26kg/tree/year.
Planting plants should be grafted, not a real tree, because with cross -pollination properties, seeds are easily separated from traits. The grafted plant should have a height from 60cm to 1m, the graft has healed and has a bud from 25cm to 30cm.
Methods, season and distance of macadamia planting
In macadamia planting techniques, people can be grown pure species or intercropped with other short -term plants:
– Technique of planting pure macadamia (monoculture): pure planting species with a density of 7m x 7m (205 trees/ha) or 6m x 6m (278 trees/ha). The corresponding planting season in provinces: Northwest: April – May, July – August – August; Central Highlands: 6 – 8; Central region: February – March.
– Technique of planting macadamia trees: coffee, tea, pepper, other short -term trees, … for coffee with a density of 9m x 9m (124 trees/ha) or 12m x 6m (138 trees/ha) ; 9m x 9m pepper (124 trees/ha); Tea 15m x 6m (111 trees/ha). Planting season: Northwest: April – May, July – August; Central Highlands: 6 – 8.
How to plant macadamia trees
It is undeniable that the starting step in macadamia planting techniques is quite important. In order for the tree to adapt, grow well, people need to do the following steps:
– Treatment of food: Comprehensive clearing of weeds to avoid nutrition competition and spread the disease to the crop.
– Soil: Make hoes, culture, weeding, hygiene 1.5 m around the macadamia planting pit. For places with large slopes, create 2 – 4m wide stairs in the same level.
– Digging holes: Conducting a pit at the distance according to the specified density. Each hole has a size of 80x80x80cm, separate the soil layers digging from the hole, drying for 1 to 2 months before filling. The time from 1 to 1.5 months before planting is mixed and filled the hole.
– Fertilizing: Applying the amount of 50kg of earthworm or manure, 500g of NPK and 300g of lime powder per hole. Mix the fertilizer mixture with soil and fill into the pit, shaping the turtle shell so that it is 2-3cm higher than the mouth of the hole.
Organic nutrition from earthworm feces is very important in lining, ensuring nutrition and avoiding rooting and leaf burning often
– Macadamia planting technique:
+ Arranging trees: On the planting area, intercropping 4-5 macadamia lines to increase the rate of fruiting, reducing the spread of pests and increasing the rate of level 1.
+ Discover: Dig a deep pit of about 40cm deep in the middle of the pit, gently tear the gourd and place the tree in the middle of the hole. Conducting the soil for trees and compressing the soil around the gourd so that the tree can stand upright, the soil is cultivated with a raspberry and is 2cm higher than the soil.
+ Plug in a fixed pile: Use 3 70cm long pile sticks to plug in the root 40-50cm into a triangle and use the lanyard to the trunk to avoid the wind tilting the tree.
How to take care of macadamia trees and fertilize for macadamia
How to take care of macadamia trees
To take care of good macadamia, in macadamia planting techniques, people need to note the following points:
– After 20 days from planting, it is necessary to conduct inspection, plant trees dead and rebuild the falling trees. Need to water regularly to moisturize the tree, help the tree recover quickly and produce new leaves.
– Periodically 2 times a year, it is necessary to carry out weeding, disturbing, breaking the soil around the tree 0.8 – 1M.
– When the tree has entered the business phase, it is necessary to massage the water to flower.
Fertilize for cases
Like many other plants, macadamia planting techniques also require supplying nutrition plants. Specifically:
Nutrition needs in macadamia planting techniques
Macadamia plants need different amounts of nutrients at each plant’s growth period. At the stage of essential plants need a lot of protein to develop buds and leaves. In the flowering stage, the tree needs a lot of phosphorus to increase the percentage of fruit beans and the business stage, the tree needs a lot of potassium to increase the quality of fruits.
Fertilizing and fertilizing in macadamia planting techniques
Fertilizing is done before planting macadamia with organic fertilizer, NPK and lime powder.
From the 2nd year after planting, we need to apply to the tree. Specifically each year, the amount of fertilizer is as follows
- 2nd year: Apply 20kg of earthworm feces with 0.1kg of NPK and 300g Trichoderma/original.
- 3rd year: Apply 25kg of earthworm fertilizer with 0.2kg of NPK and 300g Trichoderma/original.
- 4th year: Apply 35kg of earthworm fertilizer with 0.3kg of NPK and 300g Trichoderma/original.
- 5th year: Apply 45kg of earthworm feces with 0.4kg of NPK and 300g Trichoderma/original.
Fertilizing according to the growth phase of macadamia:
- In the flowering stage: Use 1kg of 86 phase phosphate with about 500 liters of water, spray evenly on the leaf surface to help the tree fluctuate strong flower sprouts and flower simultaneously.
- The stage of fruit farming: Perform fertilizer NPK 16.16.8, amount of 200-300 grams/time/tree with 35kg of earthworm fertilizer and 0.3kg Trichoderma.
Frequency, and how to fertilize: Each year fertilizer 2 times before the rainy season and after the rainy season. How to apply as follows:
- Digging 30cm deep groove 25cm wide in the shape of a canopy, spreading earthworms and Trichoderma preparations to get on the groove.
- Then cover a thin layer of soil and continue to spread NPK fertilizer and fill the soil.
- After fertilizing, use water to water evenly around the root to help the fertilizer dissolve and soak into the ground.
Currently, Sfarm earthworms of Dang Gia Trang include 4 lines: PB00 (rough fertilizer), Pb02 (moisture reduction), Pb01 (deep moisture reduction, filter floor and smooth sieve) and earthworm fertilizer. Depending on the needs, planting techniques, care and economic conditions, people can choose the appropriate fertilizer line.
Not only macadamia, but when planting many other types of trees today, Sfarm earthworms are trusted by many farmers to buy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n3rsejttdp0
How to trim the branches
Pruning branches and canopy periodically in the first and second year is very important in macadamia planting techniques. For strong growth trees, we conduct the main trunk (3 cuts) and for weak bud growth plants, we only cut off the side.
-The first cut is when the tree reaches a height of 1 -1.5m, we proceed to press the tops. The second time, when the tree reaches a height of 80cm compared to the position of the tops, we perform the second cut. And when the tree reaches 80cm compared to when cutting the second time we trim the last time. In the following years we only trim the shredded branches when the canopy was too thick.
– For pruning macadamia canopy, we remove the branches of disease, shredded and weak branches. Each branch leaves only 3 strongest shoots to grow.
Prevention of pests and diseases for macadamia
Pests in macadamia planting techniques
– Displayed branches: branch borer is the larvae of hair cropping, young worms attack on the trunk, branches that cause death of branches and trees, sharply reducing the yield and vitality of the macadamia tree. Measure: Use steel wire to chisel into the holes of the worm, use cotton to infuse taisieu insecticide into the hole. After a while, there is no deep stool in the hole is success.
– Wax aphids: Wax bedbugs often stick to leaf armpits, branches, nutrition and dry branches and leaves. Measures: Spray Movento or Confidor (2ml/liter) evenly on 2 leaf sides, 2 sprays 5 days apart.
Diseases in macadamia planting techniques
– Diseases in flowers: Flowers appear yellow spots on the mites, then the flowers are dry and fallen. In high moisture conditions, the flower color is turned brown and black. Measures: Adjusting planting and spraying density with active ingredients Benomyl, thiophanate-methyl, carbendazim, …
– Diseases in the fruit pods: The fruit pod appears pale yellow and then turns to dark yellow, brown spread to the pod. The disease spreads to the inside of the shell, causing the shell to turn dark brown. Measures: Spray Cu (OH) 2 77% dilute 300 – 800 times spraying on the entire results once a month, continuously for three consecutive months.
– Fungal trunks: The stem appears pus, gradually the stem, the branches are dry and died. Measure: Using a pus layer on the body, Ridomil Gold Spray 68WP 100G/20LIT, 2 spraying 5-7 days apart.
– Fungal roots: Fungus infected causes roots to become wood and tumors, causing the tree to grow poorly. Measures: Create good drainage conditions for plants, irrigate Ridomil Gold 68WP for 2 times/ week.
Macadamia harvesting techniques and storage
1/ Macadamia harvest time: The time of harvesting of macadamia fruit depends on the planting crop. If the tree blooms in 2-3, the fruit will ripen in July-September, if the tree blooms in September October, the fruit will ripen in 2-3.
2/ Macadamia harvesting techniques:
– For non -falling fruits like OC, we must collect fruit directly on the tree: Proceed to spread the tree at the tree and use sticks to pick. In case of late harvesting, the seeds are able to germinate on the tree and cannot be used.
– For fruit falling varieties: we proceed to harvest on the ground 1 week. It is necessary to proceed to clean the ground before the ripe fruit season to ensure the quality of fruits.
People are harvesting cases
3/ Macadamia preservation techniques: The fruit after falling should be collected immediately to avoid insects, squirrels, rats. The fruit after being brought back should spread evenly, helping the seeds limit respiration, reducing the quality of the fruit. The fruit peeling is needed for 24 hours after harvesting to the best fruit quality. In small quantities, it can be tapped with a pestle with a pestle to peel.
Macadamia planting techniques and macadamia planting distance are necessary conditions to be able to obtain a bumper crop. When planting and taking care of macadamia, people should pay attention to the conditions of planting and seedlings to make adjustments accordingly. All details about macadamia care techniques, worm fertilizer and other Blog Kiến Thức Tổng Hợp Nông Nghệp products, please contact Dang Gia Trang via hotline 0902.652.099 for assistance!
Trichoderma Plus Humic Sfarm is researched by the Institute of Technology Application, density 10^6 CFU/G effectively prevents harmful fungi that exist in the soil, preventing root -damaging glands.
The Sfarm PB02 earthworm is a coarse earthworm stool that is taken directly from the farm but has been exposed to moisture.
Blog Kiến Thức Tổng Hợp Nông Nghệp PB01 is a high -grade earthworm fertilizer that has been reduced moisture through the membrane system in the most natural way, then screened and sifted with a professional processing machine system.
Sfarm PB00 earthworm is coarse vermicelli fertilizer, taken directly from the farm, has not reduced moisture, smooth grinding.
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Nguồn: lol.edu.vn
