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Watermelon is a fruit that is extremely familiar to Vietnamese people, so here’s how grow watermelons how? Let’s find out how grow watermelons Popular today, the type of soil suitable for watermelons and the standard way to care for and harvest watermelons. Watch now at Blog Kiến Thức Tổng Hợp Nông Nghệp!
Characteristics of watermelon
Watermelon is a herbaceous plant that crawls on the ground and has the ability to branch out into large branches. Under favorable conditions, it can grow up to 32 branches at all levels. Watermelon leaves have a layer of white powder, which helps the plant reduce transpiration.
The tree’s root system is more than 0.6 m deep and spreads strongly with secondary roots interwoven like nets, the diameter of the root system can reach 8 – 10 m.
Watermelon is a herbaceous plant that crawls close to the ground
Growing conditions of watermelon
Watermelons adapt well to a wide range of soil and moisture conditions, but do not tolerate snow and grow poorly in cold environments. Plants stop growing when the temperature is below 15 degrees Celsius, reducing fruiting rate and productivity.
However, in hot and humid tropical environments, watermelons grow strongly and produce large fruits with high yields. The appropriate temperature for watermelon plants to grow best is about 25 – 30 degrees Celsius.
Prepare materials
Choose breed: You can choose some varieties with dark green skin, light green skin, patterned stripes, and yellow skin. Or meat that is bright red, yellow, dark red,… depending on your preference, choose the appropriate variety.
Breeding: Soak the seeds in warm water 2 boiling: 3 cold for about 8 hours. Then take the seeds out and incubate in a damp towel for about 8 hours to let the seeds crack.
Planting pots: The size is large enough for the roots to grow and spread for the healthiest tree. It is recommended to choose a pot with a volume of about 20 liters, you can use a plastic paint bucket with holes in it.
Soil: The soil must be loose and rich in organic nutrients. Do not use clay or soil in contaminated areas. It is best to take clean soil and mix it in the ratio: 3 clean soil: 2 coco peat: 2 smoked rice husk: 3 earthworm compost.
In addition, you can use multi-purpose soil Blog Kiến Thức Tổng Hợp Nông Nghệp which is a mixed soil line containing high levels of loam and organic humus, containing Trichoderma and beneficial microorganisms. The product is suitable as soil for all types of plants, helps provide nutrition, prevents fungal diseases and is suitable for all urban customers who need to grow plants in pots (vegetables, flowers – ornamental plants, fruit trees,… ).
Mixed soil contains high levels of loam and organic humus
Location of watermelon planting
Watermelon is a plant that loves sun and wind, so when growing watermelon, you need to choose locations with sunlight for 6-8 hours a day. Ideal locations include the terrace, balcony or near the walls of the house. However, you need to make sure the place where you grow your watermelon has a space of at least 1.5 meters in height for the plant to fully develop and achieve high yields.
How to grow watermelon to celebrate Tet properly and technically
How to grow watermelon from seeds
Prepare seeds: To grow watermelon from seeds, first you need to dry the seeds in the sun for about 1 – 2 hours to remove excess moisture.
Soak seeds: Soak the seeds in warm water at a temperature of 30 – 40 degrees Celsius for 3 – 4 hours to stimulate germination.
Seed incubation: Take the seeds out, wash and dry, then incubate in a damp towel for about 3 days. Make sure the towel always retains a certain moisture during the incubation process.
Sowing seeds: When the seeds germinate (sprouts are about 0.5 mm long), sow the seeds in the nursery so that the seedlings have an initial growth environment.
Transfer seedlings to pots: After about 2 weeks, when the plant has grown into a young plant, transfer it to a pot. Water regularly and regularly for the plant to grow well.
How to grow watermelon from seeds
How to grow watermelon in pots
If you do not have spacious garden space, growing watermelon in a pot is the most suitable choice. Let’s learn with Blog Kiến Thức Tổng Hợp Nông Nghệp how to grow watermelon in pots right here:
- Prepare ingredients:
- Watermelon seeds: Choose good varieties, suitable for growing conditions.
- Planting pots: Use a large pot with drainage holes at the bottom to avoid waterlogging.
- Planting land: Mix regular soil with organic fertilizer in a 1:1 ratio to ensure nutrition.
Prepare seeds: Dry the seeds in the sun for 1-2 hours. Soak the seeds in warm water (30 – 40 degrees Celsius) for about 3 – 4 hours to stimulate germination.
Compost seeds: Take out the seeds, wash and dry. Incubate the seeds in a damp towel for about 3 days, keeping the towel at a stable moisture level.
Sow the seeds in the pot: Pour soil into the pot, use your finger to press to make a small hole 3cm deep, place the sprouted seeds in the hole and water evenly.
Caring for seedlings: After 3 – 5 days, the plant will grow about 10cm high. At this stage, you need to water regularly and add antagonistic fungi to prevent pathogens and avoid placing the pot in a place with strong sunlight.
How to grow watermelon in pots
How to grow watermelon on a trellis
For those who have a small growing area such as a terrace, balcony, etc. but still want to grow watermelon, choose to grow watermelon on a trellis. This is a way to optimize planting area, helping you take advantage of height space and get high yields without needing too much land.
To grow watermelon on a trellis, you can refer to the steps Blog Kiến Thức Tổng Hợp Nông Nghệp suggests below:
Prepare seeds: Dry the seeds in the sun for 1 – 2 hours, then soak the seeds in warm water (30 – 40 degrees Celsius) for 3 – 4 hours to stimulate germination. Wash, dry and incubate the seeds in a damp towel for about 3 days.
Sowing seeds: When the seeds germinate, plant the plant in the ground. Let the tree grow, wait until the tree reaches a height of about 10cm, then move to the trellis stage.
Scaffold: Use a cylindrical wooden stick about 2m high, stick it into the ground at an angle of about 30 degrees so that the truss can best absorb light. Insert two more stakes on both sides and stretch the string between the wooden slats to create space for the tree to grow.
Plant care: Apply organic fertilizer and water regularly for healthy growth. Remember to water and fertilize regularly for high yields of watermelon plants.
How to grow watermelon on a trellis
How to effectively care for watermelons
Watering
The first stage of planting watermelon is until 20 days after planting, the roots are still small, water the seedlings gently. Watering can be done by shower or preferably a drip irrigation system twice a day.
From 25 days after planting until small fruits appear, water the watermelon regularly twice a day in the early morning and late afternoon. Water away from the base to encourage the roots to spread. Do not water the leaves. Dosage of watering should be moderate, avoid letting it be too dry or stagnant, causing fruit cracking and creating conditions for fungal diseases to appear on the leaves.
10 days before harvest, you should reduce the amount of watering, and 5 days before harvest, stop watering completely to avoid reducing the sweetness of the fruit.
In addition, you can water the rice to help supplement nutrients and improve soil quality. When the tree begins to bear fruit, watering should be reduced to avoid affecting fruit development.
Note: Just water the soil around the base of the tree, avoid watering the trunk or fruit to limit the risk of pests and mold.
Prune branches
Each tree should be pruned to leave 1 main trunk and 2 side branches. Prune branches early when they are just 5 – 7 cm out. Prune branches to concentrate nutrients on growing fruit.
Pollination
About 35 – 40 days after sowing, pollinate the plants. Intake time is 7 – 9 am. How to do: pluck any male flower and dab the yellow pollen inside on the pistil of the female flower.
Recruit left
If you want a big, beautiful melon for Tet, you should only keep one fruit per vine. Conduct recruitment 40 – 45 days after sowing. When the fruit is the size of a lemon, choose the 3rd fruit on the vine (leaf position 14 – 20 leaves). Line the fruit with straw to limit fruit rot.
Fertilize
In the early stages of growing watermelon, when the plant is just starting to grow, you can add vermicompost to help the plant stay healthy. During the flowering and fruiting stage, you should use organic fertilizer to help the fruit grow larger, more succulent and sweeter. You can refer to the following fertilization process:
Use phosphate fertilizer to fertilize plants. During the planting process, you need to fertilize plants 3 times:
- First time: Immediately after planting.
- 2nd time: After 25 days.
- 3rd time: 25 days after the second fertilization.
Use foliar fertilizers and biological products periodically every 7 days, especially during sensitive periods such as after planting, before flowering, and fruit maintenance. Finish fertilizing 10 days before harvest.
Watermelon is suitable for biological fertilizers, so you can add NPK fertilizer to provide adequate nutrition for the plant throughout the growing process.
Add vermicompost to help plants stay healthy
Pest prevention and treatment
Growing watermelon at home is less susceptible to pests and diseases because the area is small and there are few sources of infection. However, we should still be careful of some insects such as beetles and aphids.
Agricultural mulch should be used to limit pests, prevent weed growth and maintain stable moisture for plants. At the same time, mulch also helps reduce soil erosion, protect the soil environment and improve farming efficiency.
Spray GE chilli, garlic, ginger and GE soapberry once a week to prevent pests.
Regarding fungus prevention for plants, prepare a Trichoderma antagonistic mushroom preparation, water 2 times (once when the plant has 6-7 true leaves, once when the fruit begins to form nets, you can water 1-2 more times depending on conditions) or spray Water 98 lime concentrate (100g lime concentrate/10 liters of water) and spray the plants once a week.
Prevent thrips, red spiders, and aphids with pipe tobacco solution.
Recipe: 200gr of pipe tobacco soaked in 5 liters of boiling water, soaked for 3-5 days, then filtered to remove residue, bottled water for later use.
Use: 100ml of pipe tobacco solution + 5 drops of cooking oil or dishwashing liquid mixed with 1 liter of water, spray evenly on both sides of the leaves and the ground, spray in the early morning or late afternoon.
Spray the room: Every 7-10 days/time.
Spray treatment: Spray 2 consecutive days followed by 3-5 days of repeated spraying.
Prevent fungus for plants with Trichoderma antagonistic mushroom preparation
Harvesting and preserving watermelons
When the melon reaches 70 – 80% maturity is the appropriate time to harvest, helping to ensure optimal quality and flavor. When cutting, keep the stem 8 – 10cm long to preserve freshness longer. During transportation, handle gently to avoid crushing the fruit.
Preserve:
- Refrigerant: This is a common way to help maintain the quality of melons during transportation. You can cool in the field (leave the melon overnight in the field) or use a fan to cool.
- Apply nitrate acid: This method is done by dissolving nitrate acid in water, brushing it on the melon and letting it dry before placing it in boxes. Under each fruit should be placed round rope to reduce contact and damage. The average temperature condition suitable for this method of preservation is about 21°C.
Harvesting and preserving watermelons
Note when growing watermelon
If you grow watermelon in the summer, you should cover the plant with a thin layer of glass to reduce the effects of strong sunlight and high temperatures. During the flowering and fruiting period, it is necessary to limit environmental changes and ensure a stable water and fertilization regime to avoid affecting the development process.
At the same time, when growing watermelon, you should not plant too many plants in the same pot. Each pot should only plant 2 to 3 plants and leave 3 to 4 small fruits in the pot space. This method will help the fruits grow larger and have a sweeter taste.
Blog Kiến Thức Tổng Hợp Nông Nghệp Blog has shown you 3 ways to grow watermelon at home and how to care for and harvest watermelon. Hopefully through this sharing article, you will understand how to grow watermelon and can successfully apply and grow a watermelon garden for your family. This is the ideal time for you to start growing watermelon, so hurry up and plant it now. Wish you success!
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