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In this article, Blog Kiến Thức Tổng Hợp Nông Nghệp would like to share with you details about gladiolus From the origin, meaning to proper planting and care techniques so that plants grow well with organic fertilizers such as earthworm compost, organic chicken manure, composted cow manure, etc. Watch now!
Origin and characteristics of gladiolus
Source
Gladiolus has the scientific name Gladiolus and originates from Africa. This is a popular flower in many Western countries and is also very popular in Vietnam today. Currently, gladiolus has a total of 260 species with rich colors, mainly distributed in the Western region.
Characteristic
Gladiolus flowers have long, round stems with no branches. When blooming, the flower is funnel-shaped with pistils growing in chains attached at the bottom. The flower consists of 5 thin petals stacked on top of each other, creating a soft and graceful beauty. The height of flowers ranges from 50–80 cm, suitable for placement in large vases. In particular, gladiolus flowers last long, making them the ideal choice for those who love longevity.
Origin and characteristics of gladiolus
Meaning of gladiolus flower
Gladiolus flowers are not only beautiful but also have many good feng shui meanings. Each color of flower is associated with its own messages:
Red: Symbol of intense love and enthusiasm.
Dark pink: Express sincere apologies.
Orange: Symbolizes passionate and strong love.
White: Expressing elegance, purity and nobility.
Purple: Represents loyalty, passion and desire to rise.
Light pink: Show deep admiration and trust.
Yellow: Symbolizes happiness, strong friendship and compassion.
Meaning of gladiolus flower
External conditions affect gladiolus flowers
Temperature
Gladiolus is a flower that lives in cool climates, so the ideal temperature for flower plants to grow well is about 15 – 27 degrees Celsius. Gladiolus cannot stand the heat, because if the temperature is too high it will affect affecting the quality of plants causing them to grow slowly, have poor disease resistance, produce few flowers and small flowers.
Light
Gladiolus flowers love light, the lighting time must be 12 – 14 hours/day. If there is a lack of light, flower plants grow weakly, are susceptible to diseases and produce small flowers.
Land
This flower survives well if grown in soil, with a pH of about 6 – 6.5. Requires soil to be loose, nutritious and airy.
Note that the soil for growing gladiolus flowers must not contain heavy metal salts or high levels of lead because the flower plant is very sensitive to these ingredients.
Water
Like many other flowers, gladiolus loves moisture but cannot tolerate waterlogging. The appropriate humidity for gladiolus is 70 – 75%. If lack of water causes dry soil, it will affect flowering. If the soil is waterlogged, the roots and tubers will rot, the leaves will turn yellow and the plant will gradually die.
Air
The special thing when growing gladiolus is to pay attention to the air in the planting area. Gladiolus is highly sensitive to air, especially fluorine gas. Avoid planting gladiolus in places near industrial zones or brick kilns because these places have high concentrations of fluoride in the air, easily causing gladiolus plants to dry out their leaf tips.
External conditions affect gladiolus flowers
Preparing to plant gladiolus
Planting time
With the above growth characteristics, gladiolus can be grown to harvest flowers all year round in high mountainous areas such as Da Lat, Sapa, Tam Dao, Moc Chau, etc. In the delta, gladiolus is grown mainly in the winter. around August – October (autumn-winter crop) and November – January (winter-spring crop).
In addition, if you want to enjoy flowers on Tet, the most suitable time to plant gladiolus is around September – November and you should learn how to grow gladiolus to bloom on Tet to know how to plant correctly.
Choose bulbs to plant
Currently, in Vietnam there are many varieties of gladiolus. Based on color, gladiolus flowers have bright red, yellow, orange, pink, white, orange-edged yellow varieties, etc. You should choose gladiolus varieties according to your preferences and conditions. However, bright red gladiolus is the most popular because this variety is healthy, has few pests and high yields.
The selected bulbs must be healthy, uniform in size and color, free of pathogens, and free of scars. You should choose medium-sized bulbs, approximately the size of garlic, with roots and sprouts appearing.
Planting land
According to the soil requirements for gladiolus, you can mix your own mixture of garden soil, substrate (coconut fiber, humus) and organic fertilizer (cow manure, goat manure, earthworm compost) at a ratio of 5 :3:2. After that, you should apply a layer of lime, mixed evenly in the soil to treat pathogens.
In addition, more simply and conveniently, there are many types of clean organic soil on the market for you to use. Sfarm soil that has been composted is a great choice. The soil has been fully mixed with organic ingredients in appropriate proportions for each type of plant. The product meets the requirements of porosity, nutritional richness and air permeability.
Planting pots
When choosing a pot for planting gladiolus, you can use a plastic pot. Planting pots must have drainage holes in the bottom to avoid waterlogging of the soil when watering. Pot diameter size is about 7 – 10cm or 18 – 20cm, suitable for planting density of 1 – 3 plants/pot.
If you only grow gladiolus to harvest flowers for decorative vases in your home or altar, you can take advantage of old trays, pots or foam containers with drainage holes to grow.
How to grow gladiolus for many buds
Treat bulbs before planting
Before planting, you need to treat the bulbs with solutions that eliminate pathogens. Soak the bulbs in Daconil 75WP, Mancozeb 2% solution with a concentration of 1g/1 liter of water. After 5 – 10 minutes, take the tubers out and drain them before planting.
How to grow gladiolus
First, you fill the pot 2/3 with the prepared soil mixture. Place the tubers in the pot, sprouts facing up, then cover with a layer of soil about 3 – 3.5cm thick. When filling with soil, be careful to avoid tilting the tubers or breaking the sprouts. After planting, you water the soil so that the tubers quickly adapt and grow.
With regular care, after about 10 days, the sprouts will grow out of the ground. For tubers with many sprouts, you should cut off the secondary sprouts, leaving the strongest main sprout so that the plant can concentrate on nutrition and growth. Note, you should prune the sprouts about 20 – 25 days after planting, and when pruning, do not loosen the tree stump.
How to care for gladiolus flowers
Watering
Maintain regular watering, 1-2 times a day to ensure soil moisture is 70-75%. Watering should be done in the early morning or late afternoon, because at this time the difference in air and soil temperature is small and will not damage the tree roots and cause the tree to die.
When caring for them, pay attention to the weather and condition of the gladiolus plant to adjust the amount of watering accordingly. On sunny days, you should water a lot and reduce it when it rains a lot. In particular, the time when gladiolus needs the most water is when the plant begins to grow about 5-8 leaves.
Fertilize
When the plant grows 4-6 leaves, apply decomposed manure or phosphorus or potassium to help the plant grow strong and stimulate flower bud formation. After that, every 15 – 20 days, you fertilize the next round, until the plants bloom.
Note that each time you fertilize, you must combine it with cultivating the roots, weeding and watering. Furthermore, the stem of the gladiolus plant is quite soft, so you should stake it to support the plant so it doesn’t fall.
Reduce temperature
Temperature is a factor that affects the growth rate of buds, the differentiation and development of flowers. If differentiated flower buds encounter low temperatures, their growth will slow down and flowers will bloom later. Therefore, you can reduce the temperature if you do not want the gladiolus to bloom earlier than planned.
Pest prevention
Expression
– Caterpillars eat leaves: biting leaves, reducing yield and flower quality; damage occurs throughout the plant’s growth process.
– Gray worm: appears in young plants, especially when the weather is warm and humidity is high.
– Arrange: attacks tree trunks, causing slow growth and flowers not blooming; Usually appears when the tree is 1 month old.
– White leaf disease: The initial lesions are as small as a needle and then gradually spread; Usually causes damage to young or old leaves.
– Yellow wilt disease: the base of the stem or root collar dries up and turns brown.
– Gray rot disease: causes rot in leaves or stems; The initial lesions are gray brown or yellow brown.
Prevention
– Prepare bulbs that are healthy and have good disease resistance.
– Planting soil has been treated for pathogens.
– Ensure appropriate external conditions of temperature, light, and humidity.
– Regularly cultivate the soil around the base and combine with cleaning weeds.
– You can manually catch pests and insects that attack plants if there are not too many.
– Use pesticides to kill pests and diseases when necessary, in the right dosage and do not abuse.
Harvesting gladiolus flowers
When the plant has 1-2 blooming buds and has color, it can be harvested. Flowers should be harvested before 10 am, when the weather is still cool and the sun is not harsh.
When harvesting, use sharp scissors to cut the branches about 50 – 80cm long, leaving at least 2 – 3 leaves to feed the bulbs. Be careful not to crush the flowers or place them on dirty ground. Just harvested gladiolus flowers should be covered with newspaper and placed in a sheltered place, away from sunlight.
Then, trim the lower branches to the desired length, then place the flowers in a vase filled 2/3 with water. Only about half an hour later, the flowers will return to freshness and gradually bloom.
Harvesting gladiolus flowers
How to preserve gladiolus bulbs for the next crop
You can harvest bulbs for seeding about 6-8 weeks after harvesting flowers and on sunny days. Stop watering about 2 weeks before harvesting the tubers. When digging or pulling tubers, avoid scratching the tubers.
After harvesting tubers, remove diseased tubers immediately to avoid affecting other healthy tubers. Wash the tubers and soak them in Mancozeb 0.2% for about 15 – 20 minutes to treat pathogens.
Then, dry the bulbs in a cool place for about 7 – 10 days to reduce water loss for better storage. Tubers can be stored at normal temperatures of 18 – 25 degrees Celsius or in cold storage at 7 – 10 degrees Celsius. Check regularly to avoid tubers being attacked by rats or pests.
Frequently asked questions about gladiolus
How many days does it take for a planted gladiolus to flower?
Gladiolus usually takes about 60–80 days to flower, depending on the variety, weather conditions and care. This flower grows best at temperatures of 15–25°C, in loose and nutrient-rich soil. In order for flowers to bloom at the desired time, you need to pay attention to watering, fertilizing properly and ensuring enough light.
How long does it take for gladiolus to bloom before it fades?
Gladiolus flowers usually bloom for 7–15 days before fading, depending on environmental conditions and care. In a cool environment and with enough water, the time the flowers stay fresh will last longer. When placing gladiolus flowers in a vase, you can change the water and trim the stems regularly to keep the flowers fresh longer.
What should I do if the gladiolus is wilted?
When the gladioli flowers wilt, you should change the water to clean water, cut them about 1-2 cm close to the base and add a little sugar to the water to keep the flowers fresh for a long time. If flowers are grown in soil, check the moisture level, make sure the soil is not too dry or waterlogged, and treat pests, if any, with appropriate medication.
How to make gladiolus flowers bloom quickly?
To help gladiolus bloom quickly, you can cut the base of the branch about 2cm diagonally so the flower can absorb water better. Then, soak the root in warm water from 30–40°C for about 15–20 minutes to stimulate the blooming process.
Add a few drops of lemon juice or a little sugar to the flower water to provide nutrition. Place the vase in a warm place, at a temperature of about 22–25°C, away from drafts and direct sunlight. These ways will help gladiolus bloom quickly and maintain its fresh beauty.
Frequently asked questions about gladiolus
Blog Kiến Thức Tổng Hợp Nông Nghệp has shared with you details about gladiolus flowers. Hopefully this article will help you during the process of planting and caring for plants so they grow well. For more great tips on growing plants, follow Blog Kiến Thức Tổng Hợp Nông Nghệp Blog now!
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